Welcome to your iTTi TEFL Trainer Certification Test. Name Email Choose 4 numbers for your identification (Keep this number) TAKING THE TEST In this part of the test, you will read a series of short speeches by non-native speakers of English. Then you will be asked questions about each student's problems in grammar or vocabulary in the recorded speech. You will be allotted ample time to answer the questions.1. Listen to an ESL student talk about his experience living in the United States. I am from Charlston. I live there for four years.... The verb live in the second sentence is incorrect with respect to: A. tense B. gender C. person D. number 2. Listen to an ESL student talking about her friend's boyfriend. Your boyfriend is too handsome. The adverb too is incorrect with regards to: A. usage B. form C. spelling D. order 3. Listen to an ESL student talking about an email he received. Just look at this email from my teacher. He says I was missing my last two tests. The verb was missing is incorrect with regard to: A. tense B. agreement C. subjunctive D. number 4. Listen to an EFL student talking about her parents. My parents deal with much problems every day. The word much is incorrect with regard to the use of____ nouns. A. count/no count B. regular/irregular C. collective D. compound 5. Listen to an ESL student talking about love and marriage. Many people are afraid of falling in love and to marry. The words to marry are incorrect with regard to: A. tense B. agreement C. parallel structure D. adverbial format 6. Listen to an ESL student talking to her friend about English customs. One must always be on time. One refers to: A. you B. they C. the listener D. the speaker 7. Listen to an ESL student talking about dolphins. Dolphins are interesting mammals. They give milk, but it lives in the ocean. The word it is incorrect with respect to: A. reference B. number C. gender D. class 8. Listen to an ESL student talking to her friend about life in the United States. I think that steak's a little rare. The word rare means: A. complicated B. to be eager C. unusual D. undercooked 9. Listen to an ESL student talking about her boss' reorganization of office procedures. My boss just reorganized our ordering system. As far as I can see, it makes no sense. It has neither rhyme or reason. The word or in the last sentence is incorrect with regard to: A. parallel structure B. usage C. form D. person 10. Listen to an ESL student talking about meeting her friend at the airport. I'll go to pick up Jonathan. She gets in at three. The word she is incorrect with regard to: A. agreement B. gender C. person D. number In this part of the test, you will read a series of short speeches by non-native speakers of English. The phonetic transcription of the mispronounced words is given. You have to evaluate the pronunciation problem, not the grammar or vocabulary. 11. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. He went on a ship. (Student pronounces ship as [shi:p].) The error in pronunciation in the word ship indicates a problem with: A. diphthongs B. primary cardinal vowels C. triphthongs D. allophones 12. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. Fish and chips. (Student pronounces and as [aend].) The error in pronunciation in the word and indicates a problem with: A. elision B. assimilation C. phonemes D. weakness 13. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. Today's Sunday. I am going to church. (Student pronounces the word church as [sh6t].) Student pronunciation of the word church indicates problems with: A. affricatives B. plosives C. laterals D. glides 14. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. What a glorious day. Look at that sky. (Student pronounces sky as [ski].) The error in pronunciation of the vowel sky indicates problems with: A. short vowels B. diphthongs C. triphthongs D. long vowels 15. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. What are we going to see? (Student pronounces are as [är].) The error in pronunciation of the word are indicates problems with: A. schwa B. stress C. suprasegmentals D. prosody 16. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. I've three sisters. (Student pronounces three as (tri:).) The error in pronunciation of the word three indicates a problem with: A. labials B. affricatives C. palatals D. fricatives 17. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. Judy read two scripts before giving them to me to study. (Student pronounces scripts as [skrIpts].) The error of pronunciation of the word scripts indicates problems with: A. fricatives B. assimilation C. linking D. elision 18. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. Susan bought him an elegant watch. (Student pronounces and emphasizes each word) The error in speaking the sentence indicates problems with: A. intonation B. linking sounds C. pitch D. stress-timing 19. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. Marjorie has lots of problems with her parents. She is such a rebel. . (Student pronounces rebel as [re/BEL]). The error in pronunciation of the word rebel indicates problems with: A. pitch B. reduction C. stress D. rhythm 20. Listen to an ESL student reading the following sentence aloud. What do you like about that movie? (Student pronounces movie with a rising voice.) The error in pronunciation of the word movie indicates problems with: A. pitch B. stress C. function words D. intonation FOUNDATIONS OF LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE LEARNING Directions: In this part of the test, you will read a series of short writing samples produced by non-native English speakers. You will be asked to identify the errors in the students' writing. Therefore, before taking the test, you should be familiar with the writing of non-native speakers who are learning English. Questions 21-23 are based on the following excerpt from an essay describing the student's experience with language learning. 21. Teachers in my country of foreign languages are well qualified to carry out their duties properly. They must possess a degree from a university language program if they wishes to teach in high school or below. Many also teach in universities, but many need a post-graduate degree. Teachers should be very good at pronouncing the words so their students can imitate him. In the first sentence, the error is in the relative order of A. a noun and an adjective. B. the direct and indirect objects. C. the subject and object. D. the prepositional phrases. 22. The second sentence contains an error in the A. agreement between the pronoun and verb. B. pronoun antecedent and referent. C. structure of the subordinate clause. D. order of the sentence elements. 23. The last sentence contains an error in the A. noun and an adjective. B. direct and indirect objects. C. subject and the object. D. pronoun form. Questions 24-26 are based on an excerpt from an essay describing the student’s hometown. My hometown is Cali, Colombia, located in the Cauca River Valley. Cali is surrounded with mountains and cut in half by the Cauca River. Colombians eat many kinds of tropical fruits and vegetables. My favorite dish is a chicken soup with plantains, cassava, potatoes and beef. My mother served this with rice. Visitors can do many exciting things in Cali: riding horses, to swim, and to play tennis. 24. In sentence 5, the correct form of the verb served should be A. serves. B. serving. C. is serving. D. has served. 25. In the sixth sentence, there is an error in the A. verb tense. B. parallel structure. C. punctuation. D. subject and object. 26. In the last sentence, the error is in the A. infinitive B. objective pronoun. C. pronoun shift. D. subject pronoun. Each of the following questions or statements that follow is followed by four possible answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each of the remaining questions. 27. Bite and byte are examples of which phonographemic differences? A. homonyms B. homographs C. homophones D. heteronyms 28. Words that have the same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings are A. homonyms. B. homographs. C. homophones. D. heteronyms. 29. In the statement "Peter, come here, please," the correct stress would be on A. PEter; PLEASE B. PeTER; HERE C. PeTER; COME D. PeTER; PLEASE 30. If you are studying morphemic analysis , then you are studying A. the smallest unit within a language system to which meaning is attached. B. the root word and the suffix and/or prefix. C. the way in which speech sounds form patterns. D. answers A and B only. 31. The study of morphemes may provide the student with A. the meaning of the root word. B. the meaning of the phonemes. C. grammatical information. D. all of the above. 32. If you are studying syntax , then you are studying A. intonation and accent when conveying a message. B. the rules for correct sentence structure. C. the definition of individual words and meanings. D. the subject-verb-object order of the English sentence. 33. In the following sentence: "Mary had few friends," which word is an example of a countable common noun? A. Mary B. had C. few D. friends 34. To which subcategory of subordinating conjunctions does "whether or not" belong? A. Cause and effect. B. Time. C. Contrast. D. Condition. 35. The sentence: "The bus was late and he was late, but John still managed to catch it." is an example of a _____________________. A. simple sentence. B. compound sentence. C. complex sentence. D. compound-complex sentence. 36. To change the imperative sentence "Come here, Susan" to a polite request, the correct form is A. "Would you come here, Susan? B. "Do you come here, Susan?" C. "Can you come here, Susan?" D. "Will you come here, Susan? 37. Which of the following is not included in the study of semantics? A. Culture. B. The definitions of individual words and meanings. C. The intonation of the speaker. D. Meaning that is stored or inherent as well as contextual. 38. A teacher who asks an ELL if he or she has finished the task really means "Finish the assignment." This is an example of A. synonyms. B. presupposition. C. culture in the classroom. D. body language. 39. When referring to a wealthy person as a fat cat , the speaker is using a/an: A. cognate B. derivational morpheme. C. phrase D. idiom 40. In the English language, all inflections are ________________________________ . A. defined by the noun, i.e., gender and number. B. suffixes attached to the verb. C. in the pitch of the voice. D. in the case. 41. Identify the major factor in the spread of English. A. The invasion of the Germanic tribes in England. B. The pronunciation changes in Middle English. C. The extension of the British Empire. D. The introduction of new words from different cultures. 42. English has grown as a language primarily because of A. wars/technology and science. B. text messaging/immigration. C. immigrants/technology and science. D. contemporary culture/wars. 43. If you are studying pragmatics, then you are studying A. the definition of individual words and meanings. B. how context impacts the interpretation of language. C. meaning that is stored or inherent as well as contextual. D. all of the above. 44. Which of the following is not a factor in people changing their register? A. The relationship between the speakers. B. The formality of the situation. C. The attitude towards the listeners and subject. D. The culture of the speakers. 45. In analyzing World Englishes, Kachru classified which of the following countries as members of the outer circle? A. The United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia B. Australia, Ireland, and the US C. India, Philippines, and Singapore D. China, South Korea, and India 46. English as it is spoken by Mississippians is _____________________________ . A. the Queen's English B. an occupational dialect C. a rural dialect D. Standard American English 47. In 1996, the National Council of Teachers of English and the International Reading Association proposed that A. all ELLs be tested in reading skills. B. all ELLs be tested in listening and speaking skills. C. viewing and visually representing be included in proficiency testing. D. testing in the traditional skill areas be continued. 48. Chomsky's Language Acquisition Device (LAD) includes all of the following hypotheses EXCEPT A. language learners form hypotheses based on the language they receive. B. language learners enter the world as blank slates. C. language learners test out hypotheses in speech and texts. D. language learners construct language. 49. A textbook used in an adult education class instructs the students in "How to Buy a Computer" through sample ads and dialogs. Which basic language approach/method is being used in this textbook? A. The Silent Way B. Notional/functional C. Total Physical Response (TPR) D. Natural Approach 50. By learning phrases such as "According to the author... , ELLs may increase their linguistic abilities. What name has been given to this type of phrase? A. Idioms B. Utterances C. Lexical chunks D. Private speech 51. Which researcher is most associated with problem-solving activities for language learning? A. Gattegno B. Prabhu C. Wilkins D. Lewis 52. L1 and L2 learners follow approximately the same order in learning a language. Identify the correct sequence from the options below. A. Silent period, experimental speech, private speech, lexical chunks, formulaic speech B. Silent period, private speech, lexical chunks, formulaic speech, experimental speech C. Private speech, lexical chunks, silent period, formulaic speech, experimental speech D. Private speech, silent period, lexical chunks, formulaic speech, experimental speech 53. Language learners seem to acquire syntax A. at the same rate in L1 and L2. B. faster in L2 than in L1. C. in the same order regardless of whether it is in L1 or L2. D. in different order for L1. 54. "Maria is a profesora" is an example of A. dialect. B. Interlanguage. C. code-switching. D. formulaic speech. 55. Interlanguage is best described as A. a language characterized by overgeneralization. B. bilingualism. C. a language-learning strategy. D. a strategy characterized by poor grammar. 56. "The teacher writted on the whiteboard" is an example of A. simplification. B. fossilization. C. interlanguage. D. overgeneralization. 57. Simplification means A. adding /ed/ to irregular verb as a way to use the past tense. B. substituting "I have a house beautiful in Miami" for I have a beautiful house in Miami." C. Latinos pronouncing words like student as estudent. D. asking someone, "You like?" instead of, "Do you like this one?" 58. Which of the following methods of dealing with fossilization is NOT appropriate? A. Ignore mistakes that do not interfere with meaning. B. Work on items such as the ending /s/ for third person singular in written work. C. Teacher (or aide) corrects all the errors in the students' writing. D. Dictating correct sentences of patterns frequently used incorrectly by ELLs. 59. Arrange the following sentences, written by ELLs, to show the order of acquisition of negation ranging from least to most. Sentence 1: Kim didn't went to school. Sentence 2: No school. No like. Sentence 3: Kim doesn't like to go to school. A. Sentence 1, Sentence 2, Sentence 3 B. Sentence 3, Sentence 2, Sentence 1 C. Sentence 1, Sentence 3, Sentence 2 D. Sentence 2, Sentence 1, Sentence 3 60. What type of motivation is demonstrated in the following example? Marcel arrived in the United State after finishing high school in Belgium. He is highly motivated to improve his English because he has always wanted to work as a translator in the United Nations. He longs for permanent residency in the U.S. to pursue his dream. A. Instrumental, intrinsic, state B. Integrative, intrinsic, state C. Integrative, extrinsic, state D. Instrumental, extrinsic, trait 61. According to Krashen and Terrell's Input Hypothesis, language learners are able to understand A. slightly more than they can produce. B. the same as they speak. C. less than they speak. D. lots more than they speak. 62. If the teacher circulates around the room answering questions and asking others, which level(s) of scaffolding is she demonstrating? A. Modeling B. Interactive C. Guided D. Independent 63. Learning phonics has many advantages. What is one disadvantage of phonics? A. Tools are given for decoding written words. B. Auditory learners learn well with this method. C. Rules have many exceptions. D. The sound-symbol connection usually helps with spelling. 64. Though there are exceptions, the most commonly used method to develop a descriptive text is A. spatial order. B. order of importance. C. chronological order. D. logical order. 65. In a bottom-up strategy of literacy development, which one of the following undesirable strategies might a reader use? A. Make guesses about what is going to happen. B. Read all texts at the same speed. C. Anticipate the contents of the text. D. Infer meaning from sentences and paragraphs. 66. Which one of the following developmental skills belongs to the orthographic phase of the alphabetic principle? A. Equates the length of a word with its meaning. B. Confuses similar words. C. Can sound out regular one-syllable words. D. Notices familiar parts first, then decodes the unfamiliar parts. 67. The most appropriate EFL strategy for readers who do not read in their L1 is to A. postpone reading until the ELLs acquire intermediate oral language proficiency. B. teach cognates and high-frequency words. C. develop literacy in L1 first. D. use pull-out reading support in L2. 68. Which of the following options is considered to be a disadvantage of continuing language L1 development in pre-literate children? A. Children will not learn English as quickly if they continue to use their native language. B. Many literary skills from L1 transfer to L2. C. More mature cognitive development is achieved. D. Teachers are able to build on previous knowledge. 69. PLANNING, IMPLEMENTING, AND MANAGING INSTRUCTION Advanced TPR might include A. rapid-fire commands. B. more advanced vocabulary. C. funny commands. D. all of the above. 70. Which of the following is NOT a step in the Language Experience Approach? A. Students draw a picture to represent something personal about an experience B. Students dictate their story to the teacher. C. The teacher reads the story, revising where necessary. D. The story is read in later days as a follow-up activity. 71. In schools with large immigrant populations of diverse origins, the most commonly used model is A. submersion. B. pull-out. C. SDAIE. D. transition. 72. Widdowson's definition of use and usage is well demonstrated in which of the following models? A. Canadian French Immersion and Miami-Dade Count models B. Submersion with primary language support C. Content-based ESL and indigenous language immersion D. Communication-based ESL and Grammar-based ESL 73. In teaching adults, which of the following is a valid reason for using games? A. To relieve tension. B. To lighten up a heavy lesson. C. To allow students to learn in a different mode. D. All of the above. 74. Which of the following is an advantage of using educational technologies in the ESL/EFL classroom? A. They are inexpensive. B. They are non-judgemental. C. They are fun. D. They are better than teachers. 75. Which of the following teaching practices has a positive effect on student writing? A. Correction of spelling mistakes. B. Use of good reading texts. C. Extensive writing practice. D. Correction of grammar mistakes. 76. Why would the average German- or French-speaking ELL need extra work on the English vowels? A. English vowels are different from L1 of German and French speakers. B. There is no sound-symbol correspondence in the English vowels. C. The sound-symbol connection is consistent in both German and French. D. English has multiple vowel sounds. 77. Which one of the following is a strategy used in content-based learning? A. Teaching phonics for spelling tests. B. Teaching grammar points discretely. C. Providing comprehensible feedback. D. Using activities for fun only. 78. Angela needs help in English. Her teacher suggested several things Angela can do to improve her learning strategies. Which of the following is NOT a socio-affective learning strategy? A. Read a funny book. B. Work cooperatively with her classmates. C. Ask the teacher to speak more slowly. D. Skim for information 79. The Schema Theory of Carrell & Eisterhold suggests that for learning to take place, teachers must A. integrate content areas with ESL/EFL techniques. B. emphasize all four language skills. C. present comprehensible input in a meaningful context. D. relate new materials to previous knowledge. 80. Incorporating prior knowledge into L2 learning does NOT A. permit readers to learn and remember more. B. create poor readers. C. help readers to evaluate new arguments. D. improve comprehension. 81. Instruction to promote fluency includes A. developing writing and reading skills separately. B. explicit study of vocabulary lists. C. role-play, phonics instruction, and journal writing. D. learning only the specific language for the task at hand. 82. When planning instruction, Ms. Jones provides her students with various materials on the same subject. Which of the following statements is a valid reason for doing so? A. It's easier than summarizing all the material. B. Children like looking at pictures, and some of the textbooks have few pictures. C. I believe they should have to work to fill in their Know-Want-Learn charts. D. No two people learn alike, so I try to provide different materials, so everyone has something they like. 83. Realia are often used in classrooms. Which one of the following would be a valid example of realia for teaching fractions? A. A computer. B. A balance scale. C. A white mouse. D. A pizza. 84. Young children are often considered better language learners than older children or adults, but older children or adults may be able to progress more rapidly in reading instruction because A. they have more worldly experience to help them understand the texts. B. their vocabulary concepts in L2 are less developed. C. they have more language-learning experience. D. phonics is the same in L1 and L2. 85. Abigail is an enthusiastic child who spontaneously cries when watching movies. She challenges the teacher in class but is content to let her classmates make decisions. Which of these learning styles most accurately describes her? A. Analytic. B. Authority-oriented. C. Communicative. D. Concrete. 86. Which of the following should be done prior to initiating a formal referral process for an ELL with possible learning disabilities? A. A vision and hearing test. B. A language diagnostic test. C. Documentation of at least one intervention. D. Consultation with the principal about the ELL's progress. 87. A fifth grader has completed one year in the ESL program but does not seem to be making progress. Which of the following might indicate a learning disability? A. Frequent code switches. B. Needing extra time to answer questions. C. Ability to decode successfully but difficulty in comprehension. D. Dropping of the final consonants of words. 88. An ELL suspected of having learning difficulties A. may present behavioral problems when asked to produce written work. B. may demonstrate the ability to learn quickly. C. should be analyzed for up to ten weeks using ESL/EFL techniques. D. may demonstrate the ability to solve problems not dependent on English. 89. An ELL student may pronounce /free/ instead of /three/. This is an example of A. omission. B. substitution. C. distortion. D. addition. 90. Which one of the following policies on classroom management should NOT be established in the classroom by a good classroom manager? A. A set of rules. B. Private Talks with different students. C. Cooperative work groups. D. Ability groups for regular daily tasks. 91. When the teacher is correcting a student's language, the teacher should A. carefully correct all mistakes. B. consider the context of the error. C. confirm the error by repeating it. D. repeat the student's message but correct it. 92. Research shows that error correction for ELLs is a delicate business. Which of the following contributes to learning? A. Correcting semantic errors. B. Correcting grammatical errors. C. Correcting pronunciation. D. Correcting all written work errors. 93. The content teacher is trying to establish a text-rich classroom, including some bilingual material. Why is this important to all students? A. It emphasizes the importance of reading. B. It is motivational. C. It is welcoming. D. All of the above. 94. Which of the following activities is the most effective in learning to use the dictionary effectively? A. Locating synonyms, phrases, and etymology of words. B. Looking up definitions and writing a sentence with the words. C. Rewriting the definition in your own words. D. Writing down the pronunciation guide and the definition. 95. Which of the following is NOT an authentic way to confirm standardized placement testing results? A. Diagnostic tests. B. Teacher observations. C. Previous school records. D. Oral interviews. 96. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable alternative assessment strategy for ELLs? A. Portfolios. B. Observation. C. Self-assessment. D. Essay writing. 97. Which of the following accommodations may be allowed for ELLs during assessment? A. Having a translator explain difficult words. B. Asking proctor to explain certain words or test items. C. Paraphrasing the prompt. D. Allowing the use of an English-heritage language translating dictionary. 98. Which of the following is NOT an acceptable teaching practice when preparing exceptional students to take tests? A. Give practice timed tests. B. Use cloze tests. C. Provide students with study guides. D. Have the students write practice essays. 99. Which of the following is a possible sign of a gifted ELL student? A. Normal development according to parental interview. B. Speech delayed in L2. C. Seems to solve logic problems with difficulty. D. High academic performance in L1. 100. Which is the most appropriate method for dealing with a potential cultural bias in tests? A. Translate the test previous to the actual exam. B. Provide pictures and graphics during the test. C. Administer practice tests with time limits. D. Provide a study guide and give the test orally. 101. If a test question asks a student about a Wii video game, which kind of bias may it contain? A. Cultural. B. Attitudinal. C. Test/norming. D. Translation. 102. When ELLs are asked to fill in the blanks/gaps on a multiple-choice test, which type of test are they being given? A. First generation. B. Second generation. C. Third generation. D. Traditional. 103. Which of the following is a feature of differentiated instruction? A. The teacher plans what all students will learn. B. The students are placed in learning levels. C. The gifted students is given a list of learning objectives. D. Materials are grouped according to ability levels. 104. CULTURAL AND PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF THE JOB Culture and cultural differences A. must be addressed by the teacher in the ELL classroom by pointing out cultural similarities and differences. B. should be the starting point for learning abut how culture affects the ELL's attitude towards education. C. positively affects how well ELLs perform in the language classroom. D. may have a strong emotional influence on the ELL learner. 105. ESL/EFL instruction frequently requires the teacher to change his/her instruction methods. One of the most difficult may be the A. wait time. B. establishment of group work. C. show-and-tell based on different cultures. D. extensive reading time. 106. When Mr. Smith planned his class on plants, he brought in plants and a series of lectures using PowerPoint. His class most likely contains many learners of which of the following types? A. tactile. B. auditory. C. kinesthetic. D. visual. 107. Which of the following suggestions would the culturally aware teacher disregard, if necessary? A. The use of English only in the classroom. B. Creating a "safe haven" for refugees and at-risk students. C. Free discussions with women from Muslim cultures. D. Shaking hands with all parents. 108. Social factors influence second-language learning because A. age determines how much one learns. B. gender roles are predetermined. C. social status is important to the ELL's ability to perform well in the learning situation. D. many ELLs cannot ignore their social conditions. 109. Which of the following is NOT appropriate when setting high standards for ELLs? A. The use of cooperative learning strategies between teacher and students. B. Establishing goals to accommodate all ELLs. C. Challenging students cognitively. D. Developing language and literacy through all instructional activities. 110. What is the teacher's most important role in student-centered learning? A. Mentor. B. Facilitator. C. Guide. D. Model. 111. The affective filter affects how students acquire a second language because A. learning a second language may make the learner feel vulnurable. B. the attitude of peers and family is motivating. C. motivation is a powerful personal factor. D. facilitative anxiety determines our reaction to competition and is positive. 112. Which of the following personality traits is a "facilitative" anxiety? A. Inability to speak before peers. B. Discrimination. C. Completes tasks on time. D. Fear of classmates ridicule. 113. Transitioning from one class to another or one school to another is challenging for most students. Which of the following activities would NOT make the process easier for most students? A. Visiting the new classroom/school. B. Holding a parental orientation session. C. Holding a Q&A session with students from the new school. D. Conducting a Q&A session with the present teachers. 114. When communicating with parents or caregivers about a student's progress, the teacher should A. establish grading policies for each assignment. B. send notes home well in advance of field trips. C. develop rubrics, send them home, and have parents sign and return them. D. send notes home about school events when the new term begins. Previous articleTest LevelNext article Teacher CertificatioN Leave a Reply Cancel replyYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment * Name * Email * Website